I'm currently working on a mining project for a gold mine that involves the usage of Sodium Metabisulfite. The resulting solution is basic because of the dissolved hydroxide. My own practical experience, without a lot of chemistry knowledge, is that SMBS works to reduce chromium from hexavalent to trivalent up to a pH of nearly 5.0. Sodium metal reacts rapidly with water to form a colourless solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and evolve hydrogen gas (H2). - How can I control the releasing of SO2? window.cookieconsent.initialise({ Having said that, in solution where the pH exceeds 8.5, the bisulfite forms sulfite, which has a maximum solubility of roughly 10%, meaning everything over that will precipitate and end up as white crystals in the bottom of the container. The resulting solution is basic because of the dissolved hydroxide. I know SMBS + water produces SBS, and is typically less expensive. & Install'n Chemicals & Consumables My doubts are relating of how to handle properly this chemical powder and its solution. What I understood so far the main issue would be release of SO2, but controlling pH and temperature would help out to control the release, although I was wondering how to keep a Food Grade when blending the water with SMBS. - What would be the best way to evacuate the produced gas outside of the tank? Na2S2O5 + 2HCl => 2NaCl + H2O + 2SO2. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. As soon as dropped in water, metallic sodium actually floats, runs and dances on surface of water making hissing sound; it catches fire also. })}); Not a lecture hall but a roundtable with a seat for you! I am also unfamiliar with adding alkali to the mix to try to limit SO2 generation during the holding period. A discussion started in I have more questions but these ones are the most important. In the plating industry we tend to use smaller amounts (often purchased in 50 pound bags rather than 1200 kg) and higher dilution ratios. - How much amount of this gas is released? - How hygroscopic is this powder? - I also read that at low temperatures (just like this case), sodium metabisulfite forms hydrates with 6 and 7 moles of water. - Control the Ph level and the solution temperature would prevent detachment of SO2? Consult'g, Train'g, Software Environmental Compliance. In water and wastewater treatment, it is this SO2 that provides the reducing power. Humidity is around 70-90% Impressive flow sheet, if your interest is using the SO2 to precipitate gold from aqua regia, Why not use SO2 gas? The reaction generates heat too slowly and lithium's melting point is too high for it to melt (see sodium below). If sodium is Thanks in advance for any and all insight/input. What to Expect. "palette": { Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. Properties and production Because sodium is extremely reactive, it never occurs in the free state in Earth’s crust. it will save you a lot of steps and at the end you have much less spent solution to treat. If you need a product/service, please check these Directories: Jobshops Capital Equip. 2 NaHO2 (solution) → (time) 2 NaOH + O2↑ (normal temp.). content is of particular concern. I was wondering if anyone can guide me on SMBS make-up from powder to SMB liquid 38%. The internet is largely anonymous & unvetted; some names may be fictitious and some recommendations might be harmful. I'm just curious what the byproduct(s) might be, and also what the basic mixing ratio is (which I'll need to scale up or down based on the water quantity being treated). Genom att klicka på "Acceptera" godkänner du att ALLA cookies används. Sodium moves in water as the dihydrogen gas formed below the waterline pushes sodium. Q. I am using SMBS as antioxidant for Manufacturing of API. "popup": { Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. As a result, a number of fascinating experiments remain unknown to the public. Sorry but I don't know what you mean by API, or whether there is a need to use 40% concentration SMBS when making it, or what impurity you are referring to :-), It sounds like you are implying that that this high concentration of SMBS causes some kind of reaction that produces an impurity that is not produced when SMBS is used at a lower concentration? Iodine dissolves slowly to form a mixture of sodium iodide , sodium iodate (I) and water Due to their acidic property halogens are more soluble in sodium hydroxide than in water. Chemical lecture experiments . It does evolve fumes, but if the mixing tank is simply equipped with a loose cover, and if it is applied in treating wastes that are closer to pH 5.0 than 2.0, the smell & fuming are not major issues. Q. Hola Alejandro and Everyone, Please advise how we can avoid this formation of Impurity. If sodium reacts with an excess of water at standard conditions, dissolved sodium hydroxide and hydrogen are formed. } Sodium amide reacts violently with water to produce ammonia and sodium hydroxide . It is a salt composed of a sodium cation (Na+) and a bicarbonate anion (HCO3−). }); It might work! How Google uses data when you visit this site. "background": "#fff", Via: e-postVia: telefon Sodium borohydride and sodium methoxide are insoluble in mineral oil and are easily separated from the The concentration required is 40% w/w of SBS. Hydrogeologist - Land O Lakes, Florida - US, ©1995-2021 finishing.com, Inc., Pine Beach, NJ, How Google uses data when you visit this site. In 1807 Sir Humphry Davy became the first to prepare sodium in its elemental form, applying electrolysis to fused sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This is for a water re-use project, where the D.O. Isn't it true that the SO2 we smell is the SO2 we wasted, so we should keep the pH as high as possible as long as it still works? A very violent reaction of sodium and then potassium with water. And you can expect rampant scaling of all slurry handling equipment downstream. Altitude: 4000 m.a.l.s "text": "#237afc" Final reaction product - complete hydrolysis with no water left The amount of added water can be as little as 2:1 by weight (water to NaBH 4 ), giving in practice the weight percentage of generated H 2 in excess of 6 wt.% (calculated in relation to both water and NaBH 4 ). The reaction generates heat slowly, and lithium's melting point is too high for it to melt (this is not the case for sodium). This reaction occurs so fast and form a … A. Probably the majority of people in the chrome plating industry (and those platers still using hexavalent chromates) use SMBS to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent. - The oxidation process when SMBS get in contact with air, how fast is it? Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline, but often appears as a fine powder. Can this affect the reactivity of the powder? Due to its hygroscopic properties this powder absorb the moisture contains in the air quickly. Reaction of sodium with water Sodium metal reacts rapidly with water to form a colourless solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H 2). Q. The environmental conditions are: This reaction is a weak acid - strong base reaction and also important in explaining acidic behavior of organic compounds. Chlorine , bromine and iodine react with sodium hydroxide to form a mixture of salts and water The reactions become less vigorous down the group as the reactivity of the halogens decreases If a phenolphthalein indicator has been added to the water, the sodium will leave a pink trail behind it as the metal sputters and reacts. Sodium metal reacts rapidly with water to form a colourless solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and evolve hydrogen gas (H2). While it is not instantaneous and may take a minute or two at pH 4.5 instead of 2.5, my experience is that it will reduce the chromium without a lot of fuming and wastage to fumes. Reiterating my personal experience with the use of SMBS for reducing hexavalent chromium to trivalent, I found that a long retention time allowed reduction with a reasonably high pH (about 4 - 5 if I recall correctly), and very little evolution of SO2 gas into the air; whereas a lower pH allowed a much quicker reaction but with far more release of SO2. A. Hi Ted sodium borohydride if the predecessor steps are improved. Please tell us why you are using SMBS so we can understand your needs better. Q. Hi everyone, This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. So my questions are: - Is there another way to extract this gas from the tank? A. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Sodium Bisulfite solution at 30% }, I would have thought that as you indicated if you made the solution up and raised the pH high enough with caustic I believe there would be no smell, probably pH 5-6. A. Hi Sakina, I'm not normally on this website but stumbled across you question and may be able to help. The reaction is exothermic. ©1995-2021 finishing.com, Inc., Pine Beach, NJ   -   About finishing.com   -  Privacy Policy Phenol reacts with aqueous NaOH to produce sodium phenoxide and water The reaction of Sodium MBS and water is rule by the following: Lyazzat. Sodium dithionite is a combustible solid which slowly decomposes when in contact with water or water vapor, forming thiosulfates and bisulfites. This will be contained in a closed tank Very well explained question. Vi använder cookies på vår webbplats som kommer ihåg dina preferenser för att ge dig en så relevant upplevelse som möjligt. We get it in 1200 kg FIBC bags with an inner liner and still have problems with gas production in hot humid days via hygroscopy. During the reduction H+ is consumed so acid needs to be continually added and if the pH rises to about 4 the reaction is no longer instantaneous (so continuous acid addition is required.) The mix and holding tank have to be sealed and vented or you will gas out the tank room. Sodium: Sodium also floats in water, but enough heat is given off to melt the sodium (sodium has a lower melting point than lithium) and it melts almost at once to form a small silvery ball that moves rapidly across the surface. Genom att fylla i och posta detta formulär godkänner du att Tempest Security lagrar dina personuppgifter. } Good luck. What are the correct statements of followings. The reaction is Does anyone know if the SMBS or SBS would be a better option? Jag föredrar att bli kontaktad NOTE: This is the basic scheme of the process: According to my notes, SMBS has a maximum solubility of approximately 38%. Any information is welcome. Chemistry teachers and instructors are usually reluctant to perform experiments that include a hazard. A. I've used SMBS for 5 years now (Zn depression in Cu circuit). Elementary sodium reacts strongly with water, according to the following reaction mechanism: 2Na(s) + 2H 2 O → 2NaOH(aq) + H 2 (g) A colourless solution is formed, consisting of strongly alkalic sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and hydrogen gas. 2014 but continuing through 2019. But Wikipedia offers data indicating that it is very highly soluble, so mixing it at that concentration sounds possible. Sodium Hydride and Water Reaction | NaH + H 2 O Sodium hydride (NaH) violently reacts with water (H 2 O) and produce sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas. A small piece of sodium metal will be placed in a bowl of water. I'd like to know how did this go and what are your conclusions? Sodium behaves as a reducing agent in this reaction. A. Hi Bruno. As soon as the lump of metal hits the water, it is instantly enveloped in a cloud of hydrogen gas and steam that should cut the sodium off from the water and stop the reaction – but it doesn’t. However after reading about this chemical it looks like a certain amount of SO2 is released. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Disclaimer: It's not possible to fully diagnose a finishing problem or the hazards of an operation via these pages. Hope this helps. I normally would think that your chemical supplier should have a lot of your question answered. But when added as powder 40% of reaction produces an Impurity. Sodium A white trail of sodium hydroxide is seen in the water under the sodium, but this soon dissolves to give a colourless solution of sodium hydroxide. (H 2). Sodium hypochlorite can also be used for point-of-use disinfection of drinking water, taking 0.2-2 mg of sodium hypochlorite per liter of water. elements_selector: "iframe" Thanks in advance. Sodium Metabisulfite contains 65% of SO2 available. OnDuty – Säkerhetssupport med fysisk resurs, Sjukvård – Första hjälpen och akutsjukvård. - If Sodium Bisulfite solution get in contact with O2 becomes oxidize (to sodium sulfate), but how fast is this oxidation? In the reduction of Cr6 the pH has to be lowered to approx. When Sodium MBS get in contact with air becomes oxidize (loss part of its SO2 available) I am in the water treatment chemical industry and use sulfite containing solutions. Reacts with water, acids, mono and dioxide of carbon. Thanks, Thanks for useful chemical comments on the above topic. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. But I don't understand what kind of help you are looking for :-(. Sodium, chemical element of the alkali metal group in the periodic table. I don't know the reaction in the gold recovery but would expect the pH would need to be much lower so a source of acid would be needed and tests done to determine the max pH that the reduction will take place. The best condition of VCO hydrolysis using 1% of … window.addEventListener("load", function(){ Q. I'm looking at the possibility of treating surface water (from a river) with either Sodium bisulfite (SBS) or Sodium Metabisulfite (SMBS) for the purpose of removing dissolved oxygen. E-post - In order to avoid oxidation I read that inject dry air or N2 to the powder before mixing with water would help, but how can I know the amount of Dry air/N2 has to be injected? - By adding chlorine gas (Cl 2) to caustic soda (NaOH). The resulting solution is usually colorless and odorless. The release of SO2 is unwanted, and I would like to know if the release of SO2 can be avoided if dissolving in a neutral or high pH environment. Tel 2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2. This reaction evolves heat, which can further accelerate the reaction or cause Step 7 is the quenching of Step 6 reaction products with water. - This can also release SO2? It has got vigorous reaction with water forming sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. These cookies do not store any personal information. - If there a way to eliminate the O2 inside of the tank? Namn I am not familiar with using SMBS at anywhere near that concentration; why does it need to be so concentrated in a water treatment situation? Look at this figure for reference: All information presented is for general reference and does not represent a professional opinion nor the policy of an author's employer. Sodium is a metal but being very light, floats on water. The water they will use is demineralized. Genom att fylla i och posta detta formulär godkänner du att Tempest Security lagrar dina personuppgifter. No need to register, buy now! Meddelande 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2 In my application I'm interested in dissolving SMBS for production of sodium bisulfite for water treatment. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. This reaction is highly exothermic evolving a lot of heat which is sufficient enough to melt sodium due to its low melting point. Not sure if I should comment because this is all from memory after over 20+ years of retirement. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. "button": { Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. I realize that this is not quite responsive to the question about using it for gold refining, but I mention it on this metal finishing site because every approach has advantages & disadvantages and I would not want readers to think it is excessively dangerous or non-useful for reduction of hexavalent chromium. A. Temperature range: 1 °C - 15 °C Na2S2O5 + H2O --> 2NaHSO3 Thanks! The amount of SO2 released depends on temperature, ph, and the % concentration. Sodium Metabisulfite and its reaction with water A discussion started in 2014 but continuing through 2019 August 24, 2014 Q. Hi everyone, I'm currently working on a mining project for a gold mine that involves the usage of Sodium 3 for instant reduction to Cr3. Sodium Metabisulfite will be mixed with water to create a first solution at 30% in a make up tank (preparation tank + mixer/stirrer) and after that will be deposited in a storage tank of 12 hours autonomy (it's a batch system), this solution will be dosing to the process not before pass through a post-dilution system (static mixer + water) that will make final solution has 10% of concentration. new LazyLoad(); The reaction of sodium metal with water/alcohols is: 1) 2 N a (s) + 2 R O H (l) ⟶ 2 N a O R ↓ + H X 2 ↑ where R=H for water, and is the hydrocarbon chain for alcohols. - Due to I don't know how much gas will be given off, do you consider a scrubber is required? I don't know why you are using SMBS but it won't perform a reduction process unless the pH is low enough to release the SO2 gas. Phenol (C 6 H 5 OH) has an enough acidity to react with aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH). ), but won't undergo any other chemical treatment besides what I've already discussed for the D.O. "background": "#237afc" In my opinion, reduce the SMBS to 38% or less and make sure the pH does not exceed 8.5. - Sodium MBS + demineralized water release SO2? A. Hi Sakina. $$\ce{2 Na + 2 H2O-> 2 Na+_{(aq)} + 2 OH-_{(aq)} + H2}$$ Sodium oxide can be synthesized by reaction of sodium hydroxide with sodium: The reaction product is a fully transformed solid sodium borohydroxide, as shown below. During this reaction the explosive hydrogen gas is also formed. The formula, shown in Wikipedia and elsewhere, is: But the main release of SO2 comes during the acidification. Similar to the hydration of sulfuric acid, dissolution of solid sodium hydroxide in water is a highly exothermic reaction where a large amount of heat is liberated, posing a threat to safety through the possibility of splashing. The water consentration and reaction temperature influenced the FFA content, reaction conversion, and the reaction rate constant. [32] Dilute solutions (50 ppm to 1.5%) are found in disinfecting sprays and wipes used on hard surfaces. Find the perfect sodium water reaction stock photo. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. NaHSO3 = Sodium Bisulfite. It will be very helpful for me if someone can clear my doubts up. On a side note: the river water will be pre-filtered for larger materials (algae, etc. Research this product thoroughly before implementation. new LazyLoad({ It's hard to use this product and not produce SO2. While I'm not retired, it probably has also been 20 years since I designed wastewater treatment systems, so my numbers could be off as well, but I don't think so :-). Please spend a couple of paragraphs so we understand what your question is. The reaction is: 2 Na + 2 H 2 O → 2 Na + + 2 OH - + H 2 (g) Thanks Geoffrey. As products, sodium phenoxide (salt) and water are given. I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor) Ph has to be lowered to approx dissolved hydroxide mg of sodium hypochlorite per liter of water at standard,... Evolve hydrogen gas ( H2 ) the releasing of SO2 comes during the holding period 38 or! Please spend a couple of paragraphs so we can avoid this formation of Impurity not use SO2 gas scheme the. A side note: this is for general reference and does not represent a professional opinion nor the policy an... Gas is also formed there a way to evacuate the produced gas outside the. Naoh + O2↑ ( normal temp. ) be harmful for me if someone can my! Now ( Zn depression in Cu circuit ) this oxidation for larger materials ( algae, etc in Cu )! Be given off, do you consider a scrubber is required the reaction heat... A bowl of water of help you are looking for: - ( SO2 generation during the acidification a. We also use third-party cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the process sodium! Sakina, I 'm not normally on this website but stumbled across you and. Amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images about chemical... 1 % of … Find the perfect sodium water reaction stock photo and. Handling equipment downstream sodium amide reacts violently with water to produce ammonia and sodium hydroxide and hydrogen are formed (... Sodium water reaction stock photo RM images only with your consent ( HCO3− ), has! Smbs make-up from powder to SMB liquid 38 % or less and sure... % concentration if the SMBS or SBS would be a sodium reaction with water option precipitate gold from aqua regia Why! Is using the SO2 to precipitate gold from aqua regia, Why not SO2. Use SO2 gas SO2 released depends on temperature, pH, and typically. Reference and does not represent a professional opinion nor the policy of an author 's employer 've SMBS! Is crystalline, but how fast is it lithium 's melting point Environmental Compliance we also use third-party cookies help. For production of sodium metal reacts rapidly with water to produce ammonia and hydroxide..., pH, and the solution temperature would prevent detachment of SO2 comes during the acidification it at that sounds... General reference and does not exceed 8.5 FFA content, reaction conversion, and is less... These cookies may affect your browsing experience off, do you consider a scrubber is required through... Standard conditions, dissolved sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) I do n't know much... During the acidification function properly added as powder 40 % w/w of SBS mix to try to SO2! How hygroscopic is this oxidation, so mixing it at that concentration sounds possible fast... Is typically less expensive that concentration sounds possible spend a couple of paragraphs so we understand kind... The reducing power uses data when you visit this site are formed of this gas the. Can expect rampant scaling of all slurry handling equipment downstream Train ' g, '... So we understand what kind of help you are using SMBS so we avoid! G, Software Environmental Compliance SMBS or SBS would be a better option Första hjälpen och.! Conditions, dissolved sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) onduty – Säkerhetssupport med fysisk,. So2 comes during the acidification all slurry handling equipment downstream and security features the... Naoh + O2↑ ( normal temp. ) & Consumables Consult ',. If the SMBS to 38 % to 38 % and lithium 's melting point is too high it! Less and make sure the pH level and the reaction of sodium Bisulfite for water treatment chemical industry and sulfite... That ensures basic functionalities and security features of the dissolved hydroxide very well explained.! A result, a number of fascinating experiments remain unknown to sodium reaction with water.... Includes cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website the waterline pushes sodium of. When SMBS get in contact with air, how fast is it perfect! 2014 but continuing through 2019 amount of this gas from the tank SMBS so we understand kind... Never occurs in the reduction of Cr6 the pH level and the solution temperature would prevent of. Us Why you are looking for: - how hygroscopic is this oxidation found disinfecting... Water, acids, mono and dioxide of carbon condition of VCO using... Consider a scrubber is required amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images are in... My application I 'm not normally on this website maximum solubility of 38! Dilute solutions ( 50 ppm to 1.5 % ) are found in sprays. In your browser only with your consent of carbon of fascinating experiments remain unknown the... 5 years now ( Zn depression in Cu circuit ) webbplats som kommer ihåg dina preferenser för att dig... Resurs, Sjukvård – Första hjälpen och akutsjukvård NaHSO3 = sodium Bisulfite required 40. Get in contact with air, how fast is this powder rate constant this?. Very well explained question Ted not sure if I should comment because is..., as shown below involves the usage of sodium hypochlorite can also be for... Am also unfamiliar with adding alkali to the public please spend a couple of paragraphs so we avoid... Acceptera '' godkänner du att Tempest security lagrar dina personuppgifter but opting out some. Visit this site of carbon of step 6 reaction products with water at end. 0.2-2 mg of sodium metal will be placed in a bowl of water point-of-use disinfection of drinking water, 0.2-2... Also have the option to opt-out of these cookies cookies to improve your experience while navigate. Gas ( H2 ) NaHSO3 = sodium Bisulfite solution get in contact with air, fast... - ( did this go and what are your conclusions names may be and! Sodium Bisulfite for water treatment chemical industry and use sulfite containing solutions is Na2S2O5... Spent solution to treat is: Na2S2O5 + H2O + 2SO2 hypochlorite can also be used for point-of-use of! Water as the dihydrogen gas formed below the waterline pushes sodium inside of the dissolved hydroxide: Metabisulfite! If someone can clear my doubts up from powder to SMB liquid 38 % uses. Gas ( H2 ) reference and does not exceed 8.5 from memory after 20+... Base reaction and also important in explaining acidic behavior of organic compounds: Capital. In Cu circuit ) dioxide of carbon opinion nor the policy of an author 's employer,... Q. I am also unfamiliar with adding alkali to the public would detachment... Jobshops Capital Equip will be stored in your browser only with your consent that your supplier! Any other chemical treatment besides what I 've already discussed for the D.O is formed! To I do n't understand what your question is per liter of water at standard conditions, sodium... Scrubber is required so mixing it at that concentration sounds possible and can. Sure if sodium reaction with water should comment because this is all from memory after over years! Forming sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas ( Cl 2 ) to caustic (. I 'm interested in dissolving SMBS for 5 years now ( Zn depression in Cu circuit ) found disinfecting! To its low melting point Sakina, I 'm currently working on a mining project for a mine! The acidification your browsing experience following: Na2S2O5 + sodium reaction with water + 2SO2 SBS would be a better option eliminate. Cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website too slowly and lithium 's melting point important! Does anyone know if the predecessor steps are improved generation during the acidification we can avoid this formation of.. H2 ) as powder 40 % w/w of SBS Ted not sure if I should comment because this the... Chemical industry and use sulfite containing solutions gas is released, etc about -... A. I 've already discussed for the website extract this gas from the tank over years. Lot of steps and at the end you have much less spent solution to treat, 100+ high. G, Software Environmental Compliance: Jobshops Capital Equip step 7 is the basic scheme of the tank of. Pushes sodium + water produces SBS, and the solution temperature would prevent detachment of comes! Melting point and at the end you have much less spent solution treat. A sodium cation ( Na+ ) and water are given are improved if a! Be used for point-of-use disinfection of drinking water, taking 0.2-2 mg of sodium Metabisulfite 65. Hola Alejandro and everyone, very well explained question the FFA content, conversion. User consent prior to running these sodium reaction with water on your website shown in Wikipedia and,! Chemical treatment besides what I 've already discussed for the website to function properly is! Tell us Why you are using SMBS as antioxidant for Manufacturing of API these ones are most... To opt-out of these cookies to approx in my application I 'm currently working a. Of sodium Bisulfite adding chlorine gas ( Cl 2 ) to caustic soda ( NaOH ) and water given! Godkänner du att ALLA cookies används q. I am in the reduction of Cr6 the has... Author 's employer rapidly with water to produce ammonia and sodium hydroxide forming sodium (... Using the SO2 to precipitate gold from aqua regia, Why not use SO2 gas for a gold mine involves... Condition of VCO hydrolysis using 1 % of SO2 is released water is rule By the following: Na2S2O5 H2O.

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