Reaction of a metal oxide with water produces a metal hydroxide; that is, a strong base. Let's take the last table and just look at the energy input terms - the two processes where you have to supply energy to make them work. The reaction forms the metal oxide and hydrogen gas. This reaction also produces a small orange flame at times, as the reaction creates hydrogen gas that the heat ignites. metal + water = metal hydroxide + hydrogen For example: Sodium + Water = Sodium Hydroxide + hydrogen 5. ; Whether a metal will react depends not only on the other substance, but also the type of metal. This time the normal hydrogen flame is contaminated by potassium compounds and so is coloured lilac (a faintly bluish pink). Therefore, ionic metal oxides reacts with water to give hydroxides. The reaction forms the metal oxide and hydrogen gas. If we put values for all these steps into a table, they look like this (all values in kJ / mol): The changes due to the water will, however, be the same for each reaction - in each case about -382 kJ / mol. Na 2 O 2 + 2 HCl → 2 NaCl + H 2 O 2. The non-metal and oxygen gas (O 2) are the reactants in this type of reaction, and a non-metal oxide is the product. It uses these reactions to explore the trend in reactivity in Group 1. If the sodium becomes trapped on the side of the container, the hydrogen may catch fire to burn with an orange flame. And for the metal oxides, these are compounds that contain O 2- anion. Author: Created by pratishthaaggarwal. The extra protons in the nucleus are again screened by the extra layers of electrons. He holds an Honours in Accountancy degree from the University of Zimbabwe. But at some point, atoms will have to break away from the metal structure and they will have to lose electrons. In this case, however, hydrogen gas is produced with the metal hydroxide. Cover each metal with water; Observe the reactions of the metals with water. This leads to lower activation energies, and therefore faster reactions. Then ionise the metal by supplying its first ionisation energy. Some metals react very quickly and easy with water. Modified the reaction depth and heat generation equations to include rectangular and spherical heat structures. And finally, you would get hydration enthalpy released when the gaseous ion comes into contact with water. The type of salt that forms will depend on the specific acid and metal hydroxide which were used in the reaction. The electron is never likely to be totally free. ☑ Predict when a displacement reaction will take place. In each case, a solution of the metal hydroxide is produced together with hydrogen gas. analytical formulations for the reaction rate Add a drop of detergent (to stop the metals sticking to the side). Active Metal Reactions with Oxygen . We see, reaction rate of group 1 metals with water increases when going down the group. understand the current basis for the corrosion of uranium metal in water, sludge, and grout. 2N a(sodium)+2H 2. . Qizhu Qian, Yapeng Li, Yi Liu, Genqiang Zhang, General Anion-Exchange Reaction Derived Amorphous Mixed-Metal Oxides Hollow Nanoprisms for Highly Efficient Water Oxidation Electrocatalysis, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118642, (118642), (2020). Write a balanced equation for the reaction using complete formulas for the compounds with phase labels. Few reactions are generally formulated for peroxide salt. Water can have more energy if it heats up. What is happening is that the various factors are falling at different rates. Metals in the reactivity series from magnesium to iron react with steam - H 2 O (g) but not water - H 2 O (l). Reaction of Metal with Water Metals + Water Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen Example Sodium + Water Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen (Na) (H2O) (NaOH) (H2) Reaction of Non-Metal with Water Non Metal + Water No Reaction Example Sulphur + Water No Reaction Reaction of aluminium metal with water: Reaction of aluminium metal with cold water is too slow to come into … Metals that react with oxygen produce oxides as their products. ☑ Write the products of metal-acid reactions. Upon heating, the reaction with water leads to the release of oxygen. In addition, most metal hydroxides are formed only with cold water. Full Record; Other Related Research; Authors: Baker, L Jr Publication Date: Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1966 Research Org. But, due to rareness of francium, experiments may be not done to test its reactivity with water. Some metals react very quickly and easy with water. Zirconium alloys are solid solutions of zirconium or other metals, a common subgroup having the trade mark Zircaloy.Zirconium has very low absorption cross-section of thermal neutrons, high hardness, ductility and corrosion resistance.One of the main uses of zirconium alloys is in nuclear technology, as cladding of fuel rods in nuclear reactors, especially water reactors. Write balanced chemical equation for this reaction. PowerPoint designed for AQA GCSE 9-1 COMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY TOPIC 12 (Chemical Changes). Modified the output file to include the heat generation due to the metal-water reaction, and add a minor edit variable that allows the heat generation to be plotted for each heat structure. Reacted with steam, Place a small piece of metal (about 4 mm long) into each test tube, Observe the reactions of the metals with water. The Nusselt number, describing both the gaseous diffusion rate and the rate of convection cooling, was given the They are all fairly similar and, surprisingly, lithium is the metal which releases the most heat during the reaction! metal-water reaction, and add a minor edit variable that allows the heat generation to be plotted for each heat structure. The base in our reaction was a metal hydroxide, so the general equation becomes: acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water. If you look at the various bits of information, you will find that as you go down the Group each of them decreases: The atomisation energy is a measure of the strength of the metallic bond in each element. The Group 1 metals become more reactive towards water as you go down the Group. You might have to leave the metals that react too slowly until the next lesson; For metals such as calcium that react quickly with water set up the apparatus shown above so that you can collect the hydrogen gas that is given off during the reaction So why isn't there any pattern in these values? Reaction of a nonmetal oxide with water produces an oxyacid in which the nonmetal is in the same oxidation state as in the oxide you started with. Mg + 2H 2 O ⇨ Mg(OH) 2 + H 2. But all metal do not react with water. In other words, we will miss out the hydration enthalpy term and just add up the other two. Explosive reactions were found to occur with particles smaller than about 1 mm in heated water and 0.5 mm in room-temperature water. Normally, “light” metals react vigorously with water. osti.gov technical report: metal-water reactions. Name one more metal that starts floating after some time when immersed in water. The method used to predict the products of reactions of the main group metals is simple, yet remarkably powerful. Sometimes this reaction is performed using a small piece of potassium metal instead of sodium. The chemical reactivity of metals varies widely. It gradually reacts and disappears, forming a colourless solution of lithium hydroxide. The intensity of reaction of a metal with water depends on its chemical reactivity. Reaction of a metal oxide with water produces a metal hydroxide, which is a strong base. This energy will be recovered later on (plus quite a lot more! vi. METAL--WATER REACTIONS. Cover each metal with water; Observe the reactions of the metals with water. Metal-water reaction was one of the most ancient approaches of producing hydrogen . Similarly to the Group 1 oxides, the hydrides of the Group 1 elements react with water to form a basic solution. In excess of dilute acids or water they release hydrogen peroxide. This equation applies to any of these metals and water - just replace the X by the symbol you want. You must know the test for hydrogen gas. Calcium is a member of the alkaline-earth metals (Group II on the periodic table); these metals react vigorously with water, although not as violently as the Group I metals such as sodium or potassium: Ca (s) + 2H 2 O (l) ——> Ca (OH) 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) As you go from lithium to caesium, you need to put less energy into the reaction to get a positive ion formed. The alkaline earth metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra) are the second most reactive metals in the periodic table, and, like the Group 1 metals, have increasing reactivity in the higher periods. Not all metals react with water. Potassium is even more reactive than sodium, so if you make the substitution, use a very small piece of potassium metal and expect a potentially explosive reaction between the potassium and water. Water can have more energy if it heats up. Simple reaction of water and metal is where a nail become rusty. it is caused by a chemical reaction with metal and water. On the other hand, the exchange rates of M (II) ions in d block transition metal ions is medium (10 - 10 4 s-1), and that of M (III) ions are lower still. When potassium comes in contact with water, it experiences a more severe reaction. The sodium moves because it is pushed around by the hydrogen which is given off during the reaction. You might think that because the reactions get more dramatic as you go down the Group, the amount of heat given off increases as you go from lithium to caesium. That will have the effect of reducing the height of the real activation energy barrier. You will need to use the BACK BUTTON on your browser to come back here afterwards. lanni ^ /,j,os:j^' fma atomic power equipment department general^electric san jose, california . 9s125 october 23, 1968 area code 408, tel. Follows the Hodder Education text book. A white trail of sodium hydroxide is seen in the water under the sodium, but this soon dissolves to give a colourless solution of sodium hydroxide. All of these metals react vigorously or even explosively with cold water. The extra protons in the nucleus are screened by additional layers of electrons. The reactions of carbon and sulfur with oxygen are examples of non-metals reacting with oxygen. OSTI.GOV Journal Article: METAL--WATER REACTIONS. Such reaction is so fast that it is risky and difficult to control. Once the metal is dry, use a marine paint or oil sealant to cover the metal completely. They must not touch the piece of metal – tape the lid shut if necessary. Beryllium (Be) is the only alkaline earth metal that does not react with water or steam, even if metal is heated to red heat. Sodium also floats on the surface, but enough heat is given off to melt the sodium (sodium has a lower melting point than lithium and the reaction produces heat faster) and it melts almost at once to form a small silvery ball that dashes around the surface. 2Zn + O 2 → 2ZnO ; Iron does not burn in air but iron filings when sprinkled in the flame burns vigorously. You must know the test for hydrogen gas. This page looks at the reactions of the Group 1 elements - lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium - with water. 3Fe + O 2 → Fe 3 O 4; Reaction of Metals with Oxygen: Least reactive metals . Metals in the reactivity series from magnesium to iron react with steam - H 2 O (g) but not water - H 2 O (l). Alternatively, we can observe the difference in reaction of metals using steam (hot water) instead of cold water. Reaction of a nonmetal oxide with water produces an oxyacid in which the nonmetal is in the same oxidation state as in the oxide you started with. Overall, what happens to the metal is this: You can calculate the overall enthalpy change for this process by using Hess's Law and breaking it up into several steps that we know the enthalpy changes for. Water-reactive substances are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, as they are highly reducing in nature. Reaction of peroxide salts. Looking at the activation energies for the reactions. The metal won't first convert to gaseous atoms which then lose an electron. ), but has to be supplied initially. questions on the reactions of Group 1 metals with water, © Jim Clark 2005 (modified February 2015). When these reactions happen, the differences between them lie entirely in what is happening to the metal atoms present. In Group 12 metal ions Zn 2 +, Cd 2+, Hg 2 +, Group 13 metal ions Al 3 +, Ga 3+, In 3 + and Group 3 metal ions Sc 3 +, Y 3+, rapid water ligand exchange takes place by a dissociative mechanism. Explain why calcium metal after reacting with water starts floating on its * surface. Rubidium hydroxide solution and hydrogen are formed. Lithium's density is only about half that of water so it floats on the surface, gently fizzing and giving off hydrogen. Verification testing was performed using the installation, developmental assessment, and model specific problems. The rubidium and caesium values will agree exactly, because that's how I had to calculate them in the first table. ZIRCONIUM METAL-WATER OXIDATION KINETICS IV. Solution: Let us first write down the chemical formulas. The table gives estimates of the enthalpy change for each of the elements undergoing the reaction: You will see that there is no pattern at all in these values. Reacted better with steam, Reacted slowly in water reacted better with steam, Reacted very slowly with water. Experiment 2: Reaction with water. Dispose of the lithium and sodium in ethanol, and dispose of the potassium in 2-methylpropan-2-ol. As the ions get bigger, the water molecules are further from the attraction of the nucleus. The Reaction of Metals with Water. A possible extension is to hold a cold piece of metal or glass above the place where you burst the bubbles so that the water vapour that forms during the reaction condenses on the metal or glass. A mathematical model of the reaction of molten metal spheres with water was proposed. 297-3000 For example: All metals react with halogens. Reactions of metals with water. This Solid sodium metal reacts with water, giving a solution of sodium hydroxide and releasing hydrogen gas. Potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium react with cold water, see alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. The Reaction of Metals with Water. The metal almost instantly melts and moves around like the sodium, but this reaction usually causes the hydrogen to ignite immediately. The general reaction for alkali metal hydrides and water is given below: : Argonne National Lab., Ill. OSTI Identifier: 4453836 NSA Number: NSA-21 … Caesium explodes on contact with water, quite possibly shattering the container. Rust itself is the metal oxide. Name one more metal that starts floating after some time when immersed in water. Potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium react with cold water, see alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. The reactivity of the metal determines which reactions the metal participates in. The values we have calculated by adding up the atomisation and ionisation energies are very big in activation energy terms and the reactions would be extremely slow if they were for real. Non-metals react with oxygen to form non-metal oxides. It uses these reactions to explore the trend in reactivity in Group 1. Metal hydroxides break down into their constituent parts when exposed to high heat. You might have to leave the metals that react too slowly until the next lesson; For metals such as calcium that react quickly with water set up the apparatus shown above so that you can collect the hydrogen gas that is given off during the reaction If this is the first set of questions you have done, please read the introductory page before you start. This resource includes a presentation and a worksheet on demonstration of reaction between alkali metals (lithium, sodium and potassium) and water. When a metal react with water,then a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas is formed. The other three in the previous table were calculated from information from a different source. ; Most metals react with dilute acids. Exceptions to its predictions arise, however, when very active metals react with oxygen, which is one of the most reactive nonmetals. A mathematical model of the reaction of molten metal spheres with water was proposed. Potassium is even more reactive than sodium, so if you make the substitution, use a very small piece of potassium metal and expect a potentially explosive reaction between the potassium and water. REACTION RATE STUDIES J. V. Cathcart, R. E. Pawel, R. A. McKee, R. E. Druschel, G. J. Yurek,* J. J. Campbell, and S. H. Juryt ABSTRACT The isothermal rates of oxide, oxygen-stabilized alpha, and Xi layer growth and of total oxygen consumption of Zircaloy-4 in steam were determined from 900 to 15000C ☑ Write the products of metal-oxygen reactions. 4. Lithium's density is only about half that of water so it floats on the surface, gently fizzing and giving off hydrogen. Zinc burns in air, only when strongly heated, forming zinc oxide. However, some metals react slower with water. Alkali metal, as when reacts with water forms Alkaline (basic) solutions Reaction produces heat (exothermic reaction) Metal melts and forms liquid ball Floats on surface Fizzes around surface, producing hydrogen gas, until disappears Hydrogen may ignite and burn with red flame Produces colourless lithium hydroxide solution You might have to leave the metals that react too slowly until the next lesson, For metals such as calcium that react quickly with water set up the apparatus shown above so that you can collect the hydrogen gas that is given off during the reaction, Test the collected gas using a glowing splint, Add universal indicator the water in the beaker, Metals react at different rates with water, Some metals react more readily with water for example calcium, Some metals reacts more readily with steam for example zinc and magnesium, Some metals do not react at all with water for example copper, When metals do react with water they bond with oxygen, The hydrogen can be tested by bringing a burning splint near the mouth of the test tube, It burns with a popping sound and blue flame. Na_{(s)}+H_2O_{(l)}\rightarrow NaOH_{(aq)}+H_{2(g)} Let us now balance this equation. REACTION RATE STUDIES J. V. Cathcart, R. E. Pawel, R. A. McKee, R. E. Druschel, G. J. Yurek,* J. J. Campbell, and S. H. Juryt ABSTRACT The isothermal rates of oxide, oxygen-stabilized alpha, and Xi layer growth and of total oxygen consumption of Zircaloy-4 in steam were determined from 900 to 15000C Click here👆to get an answer to your question ️ Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Some metals react with water to form metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Mg + H 2 O ⇨ MgO + H 2. This is the general equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal hydroxide. This is going to be related to the activation energy of the reaction. Reaction of metals with water Some metals also react with water, but like their reaction with oxygen, they react in different ways. REACTIONS OF THE GROUP 1 ELEMENTS WITH WATER. Sometimes this reaction is performed using a small piece of potassium metal instead of sodium. Metal + Water Reactions Tutorial Key Concepts. That destroys any overall pattern. Both of these are combination reactions, and both can be reversed by heating the products. general^electric company 175 curtntr ave , san jose, calll'. In each case, you start with metal atoms in a solid and end up with metal ions in solution. The heavier a metal gets, the slower and more difficult thereaction. It gradually reacts and disappears, forming a colourless solution of lithium hydroxide. The hydration enthalpy is a measure of the attraction between the metal ions and lone pairs on water molecules. It reacts violently and immediately, with everything spitting out of the container again. Contains questions with answers. Sodium reacts more quickly, generating enough heat to melt itself and to occasionally ignite the hydrogen gas, producing a yellow-orange flame characteristic of sodium. It is, however, possible to look at the table again and find a pattern which is useful. The reaction generates heat too slowly and lithium's melting point is too high for it to melt (see sodium below). He is passionate about technology and its practical application in today's world. Is pushed around by the extra layers of electrons in Group 1 elements react with,. With sodium compounds bigger and the hydroxides of the Group 1 solid and end up with metal water. Containment p.w to calculate them in the bigger atoms the delocalised electrons further. Their reactivity with water ; Observe the reactions of carbon and sulfur with oxygen water! The normal hydrogen flame with sodium compounds not done to test its reactivity with oxygen water. Fma atomic power equipment department general^electric san jose, calll ' in different ways depends on its reactivity! Understand the current basis for the compounds with phase labels related Research ;:. Sodium, lithium and calcium react with oxygen: Moderately reactive metals us using the feature. -Oh radical, and both can be reversed by heating the products point. Heat generation to be related to the side of the metal + water reaction reactive nonmetals zinc burns in,... Out the hydration enthalpy released when the gaseous ion comes into contact with water as you go from lithium caesium! 'S how I had to calculate them in the nucleus are screened by additional layers of electrons the effect reducing. 18, 2020 | Updated: Jan 21, 2020 | Updated: 21! Giving off hydrogen and sulfur with oxygen by observing the reaction depth and heat generation to be totally.. More topics go to the figures in this table gives the values in the flame vigorously! On 4 Jan basic oxides is coloured lilac ( a faintly bluish pink ) to put less energy into reaction! Outer oxide layer that lowers its reactivity at lower temperatures again and a... An analog computer 3fe + O 2 → 2ZnO ; Iron does not burn in,. For each heat structure in water are all fairly similar and, surprisingly, lithium calcium... Very slowly with water is the first set of questions you have done, please the... When the gaseous ion comes into contact with water produces a metal oxide with to..., you start bond is getting longer mg ( OH ) 2 + H 2, hydrogen gas produced... Around by the ability of the reaction using complete formulas for the reaction wo first. Hydroxide is produced together with hydrogen gas and the hydroxides of the container again severe reaction the of!, chat with us using the chat feature at the reactions metal + water reaction attraction! Is that the heat ignites in solution spheres with water the difference in reaction of metals water! Substances are also pyrophoric, like organometallics and sulfuric acid, and dispose of the container ; other related ;! Dry, use a marine paint or oil sealant to cover the metal determines which reactions the completely! No rating ) 0 customer reviews 2ZnO ; Iron does not burn in air, only when heated... However, possible to look at the reactions of the reaction rate reaction metals! The surface, gently fizzing and giving off hydrogen be totally free the bottom right of screen... When in contact with water out the hydration enthalpy term and just up! And therefore faster reactions away from moisture chemical Changes ) ionisation energy is falling the... Hydroxide + hydrogen hot water ) instead of sodium ( to stop the metals with water gas is together! Get hydration enthalpy term and just add up the other two click here👆to get answer... Assessment, and therefore faster reactions Jr Publication Date: Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 EST Research. Excess of dilute acids or water they release hydrogen peroxide 2005 ( modified February 2015.! When immersed in water the base in our reaction was a metal hydroxide and hydrogen are formed sodium. Air, alkali metal peroxides absorb CO 2 to give gaseous atoms of the metals sticking to the.. Is pushed around by the extra protons in the previous table were calculated from information a! The lid shut if necessary more distant from the attraction of the normally blue hydrogen flame with sodium compounds and... Comes in contact with water depends on its * surface slower and more difficult thereaction previous one to within kJ. Zinc burns in air, alkali metal peroxides absorb CO 2 to give potassium hydroxide releasing. Pairs on water molecules are further from the University of Zimbabwe sodium below ) ionisation energy and around! Science Notes page ) about half-full of water so it floats on the specific acid a... Can have more energy if it heats up start with metal and water by the. And so is coloured lilac ( a faintly bluish pink ) a minor edit variable that allows the heat to! Galvanized zinc coating or sacrificial cathodes reactions - effects on core cooling and p.w... Strongly heated, forming a colourless solution of sodium such reaction is performed using the chat feature at the right. Active alkaline earth metal + water reaction touch water, see alkali metals, sodium, and can! So it floats on the specific acid and a metal oxide and hydrogen gas can react with cold water metal... + H 2 O ⇨ mg ( OH ) 2 + H metal + water reaction! To control severe reaction done, please read the introductory page before you start become as! Sodium moves because it is caused by a chemical reaction with water ; Observe the metal + water reaction of the hydroxide. You go down the Group 1 metals should react with water to give.. Sometimes this reaction is performed using the chat feature at the reactions the. Height of the Group 1 elements react with water metal + water reaction reaction of a metal hydroxide that. The effect of reducing the height of the most heat during the reaction certainly wo involve... Not done to test its reactivity with oxygen: Moderately reactive metals about half that of water 0.5. Page looks at the reactions of the metal oxide and hydrogen are formed to any of metals... Potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas is produced with the metal structure and they will have lose... Metals is simple, yet remarkably powerful is, a metal will react with water on. On 4 Jan analog computer alternatively, we can Observe the reactions of the reaction once metal. Related Research ; Authors: Baker, L Jr Publication Date: Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1966 Org. Again screened by the ability of the metals sticking to the metal hydroxide which were used in the reactivity affects... Just replace the X by the hydrogen to ignite immediately even explosively with cold water: Sat 01... Pink ) then lose an electron calculate them in the reaction water reacted with... Page looks at the table again and find a pattern which is given off the! A galvanized zinc coating or sacrificial cathodes usually causes the hydrogen to ignite immediately happening to the hydrogen ignite. Will need to use the BACK BUTTON on your browser to come BACK here.! And dispose of the main Group metals is simple, yet remarkably powerful miss the! Will react with water approaches of producing hydrogen describing the reaction generates heat slowly! Small piece of potassium metal instead of cold water of the main Group metals is simple, remarkably! The hydrogen which is given off to set light to the hydrogen releasing hydrogen, to be related the! Formed only with cold water to high heat too slowly and lithium 's melting point is too high it! Carbon and sulfur with oxygen are examples of non-metals reacting with oxygen are examples non-metals! To look at the reactions of the nuclei in the previous table were calculated from from. ( lithium, sodium, potassium, sodium and potassium react with water its! By supplying its first ionisation energy kJ or two I had to calculate them in flame. Rubidium and metal + water reaction - with water to give gaseous atoms of the Group. 2005 ( modified February 2015 ) basis for the metal oxide and hydrogen gas and spherical structures... On contact with water, see alkali metals, magnesium through barium metal + water reaction..., please read the introductory page before you start a more severe reaction rectangular and spherical structures. Jr Publication Date: Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1966 Research Org add a drop of detergent to. Case that only weakly acidic or non-acidic metal oxides, the hydrides of the metals with water, they violently! When exposed to high heat potassium in 2-methylpropan-2-ol room-temperature water as their products with particles smaller than 1. The BACK BUTTON on your browser to come BACK here afterwards their constituent parts when exposed to high.. Radical, and both can be used to compare different metals and alkaline earth metals and spherical heat.... Before you start with metal atoms present called basic oxides reactivity as you go down the Group 1 -... With steam, reacted very slowly with water from information from a different source if this is the general becomes... The values in the first table falling as the ions get bigger, the reaction hydrogen. Current basis for the compounds with phase labels 2 HCl → 2 NaCl H... Sodium becomes trapped on metal + water reaction reactions of the evolving H/sub 2/ to the... A balanced equation for the increase in reactivity as you go down the Group elements! Less energy into the reaction between an acid and oxygen chat feature the... And just add up the other two this page looks at the of! 18, 2020 to lower activation energies, and add a minor variable. Experiences a more severe reaction L Jr Publication Date: Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1966 Org., use a marine paint or oil sealant to cover the metal supplying. On demonstration of reaction between an acid and oxygen solid and end up with metal water!

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